Additionally, a serum metabolomics analysis integrated with GC–MS and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) separated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from PCa subjects, two common conditions that gave rise to increased PSA levels, and identified acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, and arginine that could be used as potential diagnostic markers for separating BPH from PCa [12]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.