In conclusion, we developed an in vitro system to examine T2D in bone cells which exhibited a decrease in calcium deposition, a reduction in the expression of AKT, SUCLA2, and SUCLG2 along with a decrease in mitochondrial content (reduction of CS activity) and a shift in metabolic needs from only using Glycolysis to using both glycolysis and OXPHOS with minimal energy requirements supported by FA pathway and other pathways yet to be determined (Fig 7). Here, AKT1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.