In both neurodegenerative diseases and microgliopathies, microglia increasingly gain interest as potential therapeutic targets, as they can be repopulated using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or could be pharmacologically depleted by Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors [17, 106, 107, 123]. Here, CSF1R is linked to neurodegenerative disease.