Although CD14 expression is reduced in tisssue resident cells, a study examining mucosal dendritic cells from 76 IBD patients and 76 healthy controls found expression of TLR4 and LPS uptake was increased in IBD patients verus healthy controls, as well as in IBD patients in remission verus active disease, suggesting that enhanced LPS uptake occurs in patients with IBD (Baumgart et al., 2009). Here, TLR4 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.