Serum, tissue, and faecal levels of HMGB1 are higher in patients with IBD as well as in mice subjected to DSS-/Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis (Maeda et al., 2007; Davé et al., 2009; Vitali et al., 2011). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is colitis.