SMO and meningioma: Gene mutations in v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (AKT1), homolog 1 smoothened, frizzled class receptor (SMO), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B), and dystrophin-encoding and muscular dystrophy-associated (DMD) are also considered to be associated with cell proliferation in meningioma (17).