INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Vitamin D (1000 IU/day) and ω-3 PUFA (DHA and EPA at 60 mg/kg/day) co-supplementation for 12 months improves T1D by attenuating autoimmunity and counteracting inflammation. The co-supplementation decreased significantly insulin demand, especially as pre-meal boluses, and insulin-dose adjusted HbA1c.