The American Urological Association guidelines have recommended that testis-sparing surgery combined with a frozen-section is an option for preservation of hormonal function and fertility in patients with solitary testis or bilateral synchronous malignancy, especially for patients with masses < 2.0 cm, equivocal ultrasound/physical examination findings and negative tumor markers (β-HCG and AFP) (Grade C) (30). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is male reproductive organ cancer.