PRF1 and neoplasm: In mammalian immune system, immune cells use various membrane-pore-forming proteins (complement, perforin, perforin-2, granulysin, gasdermins, and MLKL) to induce microbe-infected host cells or tumor cells death, some of which trigger inflammation and sound alarms to recruit immune cells and activate a protective response, leading to control infection or tumorigenesis (Liu and Lieberman, 2020).