CNTN1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Contactin-1 (CNTN-1), a neuronal cell adhesion molecular, was not only involved in the nervous system development including axon guidance, synapse formation, and nerve impulse conduction, but also played a vital role in lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic metastasis, and proliferation of many epithelial malignancies including prostate cancer, hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer (Bamodu et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2021; Kandasamy et al., 2022).