Further functional enrichment showed that these genes were significantly enriched in some pathways which play important roles in PAAD progression, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway (Kennedy et al., 2011), EGFR signaling pathway (Williams et al., 2017) and NF-κB signaling pathway (Prabhu et al., 2014), etc. (Supplementary Figure S2B). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.