In terms of molecular mechanisms, many angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TGFβ, and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and the RNF 213 variant, are not only associated with MMD but also connected with AS-ICASO compared with healthy controls (Burke et al., 2009; Lin and Sheng, 2018; Shoeibi et al., 2018). Here, VEGFA is linked to multiminicore myopathy.