LCN2 and acute kidney injury: In recent years, several novel biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) [10], urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) [11], soluble thrombomodulin (TM) [12], and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) [13] have been explored for the diagnosis of AKI.