VCAM1 and Sepsis: B cell-derived ACh has previously been demonstrated to inhibit neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum in an LPS-induced model of sterile sepsis, and it was concluded that this resulted from suppression of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) on vascular endothelial cells, signaling through mAChRs (24).