In accordance with the findings in the present study, IL-17A is an important pathogenic cytokine in uveitis and EAU (2, 31).The increased TNF-α level in the serum of 800-μg- IRBP1197–1211-induced tree shrews on days 25 and 40 was observed, suggesting that combinations of multiple Th1 cytokines may be involved in the severity of pathological lesions in high IRBP1197–1211-induced EAU. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and uveitis.