COL4A1 and epilepsy: Subsequently, several studies have reported different phenotypes related to COL4A1 rare mutations, including perinatal ICH, infantile hemiparesis, porencephaly, CSVD, epilepsy, retinal arteriolar tortuosity, congenital cataract, and hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysm and cramps (HANAC) syndrome (7).