To better understand the relationship between TLSs and the tumor microenvironment, we explored the general composition of TLSs [6] in ESCC patients using traditional IHC in serial sections stained for CD45+ lymphocytes, CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11c+ DCs. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.