IFNG and breast cancer: The pleiotropic effects of IFN-γ include cell-specific regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, pro-apoptosis, and cancer cell proliferation arrest.38 In patients with HER2pos BC, sustained secretion of IFN-γ was positively associated with response to the treatment and survival.39 40 Our clinical finding supports this study that restoration of anti-HER2 Th1 immunity using intralesional or intranodal HER2-DC1 vaccine was able to improve the pCR in patients with HER2pos BC.41