ACE2 and kidney injury: Wysocki et al. (2014) found increased markers of oxidative stress in the kidneys of ACE2 KO mice at baseline conditions. Also, in the ischemia reperfusion model of kidney injury, ACE2 KO mice showed increased markers of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, combined with increased inflammatory cell infiltration (Fang et al., 2013). Yang et al. (2012b) studied the hindlimb-ischemia reperfusion model and found that ACE2 KO mice had more severe kidney injury than controls.