To validate this finding in an independent external cohort, we deconvoluted RNaseq data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas NSCLC data set into tumor-associated cell populations using xCell software (2017 release; Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco)21 and identified that tumors with high TMB had a significantly higher proportion of CD8-positive T central memory cells, M1 macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and Th1/Th2 T cells (eFigure 22 in the Supplement). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.