The interaction pathways between viral proteins and cytokines and cytokine receptors (hsa04061), the interaction pathway between cytokines and cytokine receptors (hsa04060), chemokine signaling pathway (hsa04062), cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway (hsa04623), epithelial cell signaling pathway in Helicobacter pylori infection (hsa05120), Chagas disease pathway (hsa05142), Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (hsa04620), TNF signaling pathway (hsa04668), influenza A (hsa05164), and human cytomegalovirus infection pathway (hsa05163) are shown in Figure 8. Here, TNF is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.