TNF and allergic disease: The major findings of this study were as follows: (1) NGAL production was enhanced in allergies; however, increased NGAL production was not associated with a positive ECP test and a high sIgE score; (2) allergic patients without systemic inflammation did not differ from healthy individuals in terms of NGAL; and (3) NGAL was closely associated with TGF-β1 and TNF-α, but not with ECP and sIgE.