SUMO1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Additionally, SUMO1/SENP1 can be used as prognostic indicators for lung cancer survival [21], and inhibition of the SENP/HIF-1α pathway can alleviate acute lung injury (ALI) caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [22]; the SUMOylation of HIF-1α by SUMO1 leads to its increased stability, which is an important mechanism for pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients [23]; SUMOylation also plays an important role in Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced pneumonia [24].