CCL5 and neoplasm: Furthermore, the CCR5/CCL5 axis also plays a critical role in the progression of multiple solid tumors, including gastric cancer (GC),182 glioblastoma,44 head and neck cancer,183 lung cancer,184 ovarian cancer,185 and so on, often by promoting tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and assisting in the establishment of immunosuppressive TME.186