TNF and prostate cancer: In module 1, according to P < 0.05 (Additional file 1: Table S2), a total of 56 signal pathways were significantly enriched, while FDR < 0.05 identified nine signal pathways: prostate cancer; colorectal cancer; TNF signaling pathway; PI3K-Akt signaling pathway; apoptosis ErbB signaling pathway; hepatitis B; and non-alcoholic fatty liver (Fig. 4a).