Furthermore, comparative gene expression studies from preclinical models and pretreatment patient samples, collected as part of the International IBC Consortium’s effort to understand differences between IBC and non-IBC and to define IBC-specific molecular profiles, revealed highly activated mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) transcriptional profiles associated with increased pro-inflammatory and proliferative signals in IBC compared with subtype and stage-matched locally advanced breast cancer18–22. The gene discussed is WNK2; the disease is inflammatory breast carcinoma.