JUN and cardiac hypertrophy: The next gene is Transcription factor JUN, It has been shown that the transcription factor complex AP-1 plays a major role in cardiac hypertrophy, and knockout of c-jun pure mice develops in a process leading to cardiac malformations23, activation of c-jun impaired cell–cell communication between atrial myocytes and ultimately promotes the development of atrial arrhythmias24,25.