We identified 7 such genes: CAMK2N1, MNX1, HOXC10, HOXC11, ADCY5, ANKRD22 and HOTAIR. All showed a distribution of expression values that were lower in the NOT Pure DCIS samples as compared to Pure DCIS (Fig. 6a). This evidence concerns the gene HOXC11 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.