ELANE and infection: NETosis is a ROS-dependent PCD driven by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to various infections, which was first described by A. Zychlinsky in 2004.208 Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), neutrophil elastase (NE), GSDMD, and free DNA greatly participate in the whole process of NETosis.209 NETs are complex networks comprised of DNA containing histones, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and NE.210