Interestingly, we found that JAK‐STAT, the well‐known IFN‐γ‐mediated signalling pathway responsible for regulating tumour PD‐L1 expression, was downregulated, whereas the PI3K/AKT, TNF, HIF‐1 and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signalling pathways were remarkably enriched. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.