Thus, to assess whether collagen-cultured bladder cancer cells entered a dormancy-like state, an immunofluorescence assay was performed to examine dormancy-associated functional protein chicken ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor 1 (COUPTF1) and cell proliferation marker Ki-67 expression in collagen/MMC-treated T24 cells. Here, MKI67 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.