ITGB1 and breast carcinoma: Ligand binding to integrins modulates multiple downstream signals, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT, extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), and NF-κB pathways, culminating in the formation of a resistant genotype.10 A recent study indicated that the interaction of integrin β1 (ITGB1) with collagen I confers chemoresistance on breast cancer cells, and ITGB1 inhibition sensitized the cells to drugs.11 Nevertheless, the role of integrins in chemoresistance development and the underlying mechanism remain a matter for further elucidation.