EDN1 and atherosclerosis: The mechanism of action of big ET-1 in the prognosis of patients with ISR and diabetes is still inconclusive, but it may be related to the following factors: (1) overexpression of big ET-1 aggravates diabetes-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress (32), which clinically can manifest as hyperplasia of the neointima or neovascular atherosclerosis in the stent (33).