The mechanism of action of big ET-1 in the prognosis of patients with ISR and diabetes is still inconclusive, but it may be related to the following factors: (1) overexpression of big ET-1 aggravates diabetes-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress (32), which clinically can manifest as hyperplasia of the neointima or neovascular atherosclerosis in the stent (33). This evidence concerns the gene EDN1 and diabetes mellitus.