These include mutant SIGMAR1 encoding the Sigma-1 receptor, mutant SOD1 encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), mutant TARDBP encoding TDP43, mutant FUS encoding fused in sarcoma and mutant C9orf72 (Figure 2) (Stoica et al., 2014; Bernard-Marissal et al., 2015; Dafinca et al., 2016; Gregianin et al., 2016; Stoica et al., 2016; Watanabe et al., 2016; Dafinca et al., 2020; Gomez-Suaga et al., 2022). Here, SOD1 is linked to sarcoma.