THBS1 and cardiac hypertrophy: ER stress also increases TSP-1 expression in pulmonary tissues subjected to intermittent hypoxia and TSP-1 plays an important role in cardiac hypertrophy-mediated autophagy through the PERK-ATF4 pathway, where recombinant NTD, and to a lesser extent the CTD, co-immunoprecipitated with PERK (Shi et al., 2020; Vanhoutte et al., 2021).