Systemic administration of these NP to melanoma-burdened mice resulted in strongly reduced tumor growth, which was accompanied which was accompanied by an overall increased tumor infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells, higher levels of T helper (Th)1/CTL-associated IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum, whereas the number of Treg remained unaltered. Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.