A recently published study provided evidence that conditioned-media from keratinocytes pre-treated simultaneously with IL-17A and TGFβ induces less collagen production in fibroblasts from SSc donors compared to those pre-treated with TGFβ only, and confirmed that IL-17A does not induce collagen deposition in human organotypic cultures 31. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is systemic sclerosis.