In fact, CXCR5 has been reported to express on multiple immune cells, including B lymphocytes, 23 a subset of CD4+,32 CD8+ T lymphocytes,33 dermal-type DCs,34,35 as well as NK cells.36 We also found in BALB/cA-nu mice that lack of mature T cells, CXCL13-mediated tumor growth inhibition was significantly attenuated but not completely abrogated, indicating potential participation of innate immune cells. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL13 and neoplasm.