Despite this, previous studies reported that CXCL13 expression in human breast cancer promoted tumor cell growth, migration and LNM.22,41 It has also been shown that after CXCR5 transfection, human breast cancer cells had significantly upregulated mesenchymal markers and EMT regulators when stimulated with recombinant CXCL13.22 However, in this study, CXCL13-overexpressing 4T1 cells exhibited unaltered proliferation activity. The gene discussed is CXCR5; the disease is breast carcinoma.