VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma: showed that hepatic CSCs-derived EVs were able to increase the expression of Bcl2, TGFβ1, NFκB, MMP9, VEGF, 13K, ERK and decrease the levels of Bax, p53, TIMP1 mRNA in the liver of mice, suggesting that CSCs-derived EVs promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion while upregulating TGFβ1-induced EMT (Figure 4.