Moreover, tumor-associated macrophages contribute to MM-associated neovascularization via vasculogenic mimicry and indirectly via secretion of pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF, IL-8, FGF-2, MMPs, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), and colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) (107). Here, CSF1 is linked to neoplasm.