At the same time, comparative proteomic profiling of PCs from MM patients responding to BTZ-containing regimens versus non-responders has shown that increased levels of proteasome activator complex subunit 1 (PSME1) and anti-oxidative proteins, such as thioredoxin (TXN) and thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) play a major role in BTZ resistance in patients (307). This evidence concerns the gene CASC3 and Miyoshi myopathy.