ROC analysis revealed that IL-4 (AUC = 0.7848; CI 95% [0.6375; 0.9322] and TNF (AUC = 0.7908; CI 95% [0.6449; 0.9367]) enabled the identification of NPDR patients when compared to T2D patients without signs of DR. Here, IL4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.