ICAM1 and retinal vascular disorder: Mechanisms of action for ROCK inhibitors in the treatment of retinal vascular disorders include suppression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and leucocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium, inhibition of vasoconstriction and endothelial cell apoptosis, reduction of vessel permeability, increasing blood flow, and improving retinal perfusion [8–14].