After treatment with AgNPs, the concentrations of total PSA and free PSA were still significantly higher than those in the control group and at the same level as the PCa group, but the treatment groups with Spirulina alone, combined (AgNPs/Sp), or bicalutamide showed a significant decrease in the mean PSA concentration relative to the PCa group and reached the normal level as the control group. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.