Western blot analyses showed that TGR5 protein levels were upregulated both in PANC-1 and BXPC3 cell lines compared with those in ASPC1, CFPAC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (Fig. 1A) (P < 0.01). The gene discussed is GPBAR1; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.