While we report NF1 and RAS mutations in the context of ALK resistance development in neuroblastoma, loss-of-function NF1 mutations and activating RAS mutations, as well as other RAS-MAPK pathway-activating mutations have been observed in primary and relapsed neuroblastoma independent of ALK inhibitor treatment [20, 56, 57]. Here, NF1 is linked to neuroblastoma.