CD8A and neoplasm: The new antigen can be transferred into the patient in the form of synthetic long peptide, RNA, activated dendritic cell and DNA.18–21 Neoantigens are not present in normal cells, so the immune system can recognise them as ‘non-self’ antigens.22 The principle is to eliminate or control tumours by activating the patient’s own immune system.20 In the body, neoantigen epitopes can bind to MHC-I to activate CD8 +T lymphocytes, which can differentiate CD8 +T lymphocytes into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and exert cytotoxic effects.