Gal-1 and Gal-3 are known to have the strongest pro-inflammatory profile and may contribute to the innate immune response involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.[49] The current study presented a significant positive correlation between the percentage of Tregs among Th cells in BALF with Gal-1/TP concentrations in serum and a positive trend with the concentration of Gal-1/TP in BALF. The gene discussed is LGALS3; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.