Although most pathways showed signaling activity in both PTS and BCC, GRN (Progranulin), PSAP (Prosaposin), TGF-β, and WNT pathways were inactive in BCC, whereas insulin-like growth factor (IGF), melanocyte release inhibiting factor (MIF), NT (Neurotrophin), PDGF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and ncWNT pathways were inactive in PTS (Fig. 5, A and B). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is skin basal cell carcinoma.