In resonance with animal studies suggesting a role of PAD4 and NETs formation in lupus (23, 24), the rs1635564 polymorphism of PAD4 is linked to nephritis in patients with SLE, further supporting the notion that PAD4 contributes to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) (35). Here, PADI4 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.