The knockout of Dnase1 or of homologous Dnase1l3, both of which are responsible for DNase activity in serum, induces an SLE-like phenotype with autoAb and nephritis in otherwise normal mouse backgrounds (26, 27), which can be partly rescued by injecting an adenovirus encoding human DNASE1L3 (27). Here, DNASE1L3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.