A recent study has explored the relationship between PD-L1 expression and IFN-γ by RT-PCR and western blot analysis; it showed that PD-L1 was induced by typical IFN-γ signaling in ccRCC cell lines, and IFN-γ-positive tumor tissues had high levels of PD-L1-mRNA expression and showed better OS (70). Here, CD274 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.