TRPV1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Moreover, Hung et al., in other research, revealed that TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 are functionally expressed in human esophageal squamous cells (ESCC), and the over-activation of TRPV1 and TRPV4 stimulates the proliferation and migration of these cell types.