The results showed that a 12-week probiotic supplementation in patients receiving MMTPs had beneficial effects on depression, glycemic control, total and LDL cholesterol, hs-CRP serum level, total antioxidants, and plasma glutathione, no effect on anxiety, sleep quality, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, triglycerides, VLDL and HDL cholesterol, malondialdehyde levels, and plasma nitric oxide. This evidence concerns the gene INS and depressive symptom measurement.